AD 625) contains the earliest reference to the name chaturanga: The earliest clear reference comes from north India from the Gupta Empire, dating from the sixth century CE, and from north India. The origin of chaturanga has been a puzzle for centuries. History Krishna and Radha playing chaturanga on an 8×8 ashtāpada Origin An ancient battle formation, akshauhini, is like the setup of chaturanga. Chaturanga refers to four divisions of an army, namely elephantry, chariotry, cavalry and infantry. The name comes from a battle formation mentioned in the Indian epic Mahabharata. Sanskrit caturaṅga is a bahuvrihi compound word, meaning "having four limbs or parts" and in epic poetry often meaning "army". In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the gaja ( elephant). Chess historians suppose that the game had similar rules to those of its successor, shatranj. The exact rules of chaturanga are unknown. It was adopted as chatrang ( shatranj) in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe. While there is some uncertainty, the prevailing view among chess historians is that it is the common ancestor of the board games chess, xiangqi (Chinese), janggi (Korean), shogi (Japanese), sittuyin (Burmese), makruk (Thai), ouk chatrang (Cambodian) and modern Indian chess. It is first known from India around the seventh century CE, but its roots may date 5000 years back, to the Indus Valley Civilization. JSTOR ( April 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭhaturanga ( Sanskrit: चतुरंग: caturaṅga pronounced “chuh-toor-anga”) is an ancient Indian strategy board game.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. If it contains statues then the situation becomes worse.This article needs additional citations for verification. Furthermore, know that using statues is not the only reason to avoid it. The benefits that are indicated by the questioner do not offer an excuse to play chess since the harms are much more than benefits. Thus, the above details are sufficient for a Muslim to avoid playing it. Two of them are strictly forbidden while the third situation, according to the majority of Muslim scholars, the scholars of four schools of thought among them, is either forbidden or strongly dislikeable. It is also reported from some Tabi'een such as Saeed bin Jubair, Saeed bin al-Musayyib and others that they sometimes played chess.Īl-Malikiyah are of the opinion that playing chess is dislikeable and if one becomes addicted to it then his testimony is not accepted.įinally, know that playing chess is of three kinds as we mentioned above. Al-Bulqini, a scholar of Shafiya opposed them and said that if the chess game does not contain or lead to a prohibited act it is allowed. It is proved from Ali that he was passing by some people who were playing chess and he said, rebuking them: 'what are these statues to which you are devoted?'Īl-Shafiya believed that it is dislikeable. Imam Ibn Abdul Bar said: 'The consensus of Muslim scholars is that playing for any material benefit is a form of gambling, so it is forbidden.'Ģ- If playing chess involves neglecting any obligation or committing any Haram act such as leaving prayers, neglecting rights of parents, lying, swearing falsely, etc., it becomes forbidden according to the agreement of Muslim scholars as Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said.ģ- If the playing does not contain both above-mentioned prohibitions then the Muslim scholars have different opinions concerning it.Īl-Ahnaf and al-Hanabilah believe that it is forbidden. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds and may His blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.ġ- Playing for material benefit, which is strictly forbidden according to the agreement of Muslim scholars.
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Of course, water is always your best option, but you have additional possibilities. People often overlook beverages when planning a diet. If you need some spices and flavors, opt for curry, parsley, kelp, horseradish, garlic, or miso. Those with type AB blood can enjoy most, if not nearly all, fruits and vegetables – leafy greens especially! However, keep an eye on our list of foods to avoid, which specifies some that should be left out of your diet. Oatmeal, brans (rice and oat), spelt, rye, millet, rice, and rice flour – including things made from it – are safe bets. You’ll have to cross-reference our “not to eat” list to determine which ones work best for you! d) GrainsĪ lot of grains and wheat products are good for AB blood types. Nuts are great sources of positive fat and usually have lots of protein. Cheeses, yogurt, sour cream, kefir, and goat milk are all fine and good, but try to go for low-fat options. You have many dairy options with AB blood. Turkey, mutton, rabbit, lamb, and white fish are good options, but go for lean cuts. Most meats are perfectly fine for those with AB type blood. Here’s a good list of options for what to eat. However, it is recommended that those with this blood type eat in smaller portions so their digestion does not suffer. But they are able to eat more meats thanks to their blood B adaptations. Those with AB blood types have lower stomach acid, much like those with A blood types. People with these blood types may have both A and B antigens, but no anti-A or anti-B antibodies whatsoever, making them a universal recipient. The AB blood type is the rarest of all and the newest addition to the ABO blood groups. Eating these foods can lead to weight gain and cause tiredness, excess blood glucose, and decreased positive thinking. Of course, there are also some foods you should avoid if you are a type B. h) Add-insįor better flavor, experiment with cayenne pepper, curry, ginger, and horseradish. Here’s a good list of options for what to eat.Īlso rich in protein, these are low in fat and contain tons of fiber and minerals. Essentially, they’re omnivores and have more freedom than other blood types. People with this blood type have it the easiest and can eat a lot of different food types. The B blood type contains B antigens and anti-A antibodies. Beans (garbanzo, lima, copper, red, kidney, tamarind, red).Oils (corn, peanut, cottonseed, sesame, safflower).Of course, there are also some foods you should avoid if you are a type A. This diet is also recommended to be taken alongside aerobic exercise. Dairy and eggs (except as listed above).Here are foods not to eat if you’re blood type O. Carbs especially should be avoided, as they may easily be stored as fats within your body and are not as quickly processed. Of course, there are also some foods you should avoid if you are a type O. Kelp-based seasoning options are also available, and honey is a good additive to most foods and drinks. Seasonings such as iodized salt, curry, and parsley are all safe for use with this diet. g) SweetsĬhocolate and cocoa are acceptable type O blood treats. Of course, water is always your best option, but club soda, seltzer water, wine, and tea are okay, too. Grains such as buckwheat, rye, barley, kasha, amaranth, and millet are safe for consumption. However, there are some tolerable options. Mostly, those with blood type O should eat very few grains.
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Whereas, really, rebinding self is almost all this Swift proposal is suggesting. It doesn't do anything to self, instead binding explicitly to another name, something we can already do with closures. exceptions, which Python has), making it a much more complex thing to wrap one's head around. a file is kept open, a mutex is kept locked) in an environment when objects live on until the GC decides it is done with them, and dealing with edge cases (e.g. Python's with statement is somewhat different from what we're discussing here, as Python is a GC language, and much of its with machinery is about enforcing bounds on the lifetime during which a resource is "held" (e.g. Tl dr: There's no obvious solution and ambiguity is bad.įirst, some more narrowly-focused comments:
In some cases, the building housing the courthouse may be named in some way or its function divided as between a judicial building and administrative office building. The courthouse is usually located in the county seat, although large metropolitan counties may have satellite or annex offices for their courts. The courthouse may be a part of a wider county government building or complex. In the United States, most counties maintain trial courts in a county-based courthouse, which also house other county government offices. See also: List of United States federal courthouses The Chester County Courthouse in West Chester, Pennsylvania houses the Court of Common Pleas Philadelphia City Hall in Philadelphia, a consolidated courthouse and center of the political branches of Philadelphia's city-county government In most of continental Europe and former non-English-speaking European colonies, the equivalent term is a palace of justice (French: palais de justice, Italian: palazzo di giustizia, Portuguese: palácio da justiça). In most other English-speaking countries, buildings which house courts of law are simply called "courts" or "court buildings". The term is commonly used in the English-speaking countries of North America. Larger courthouses often also have space for offices of judicial support staff such as court clerks and deputy clerks. A courthouse is home to one or more courtrooms, the enclosed space in which a judge presides over a court, and one or more chambers, the private offices of judges. Courthouse of Vilnius regional court and Court of Appeal of Lithuania in VilniusĪ courthouse or court house is a structure which houses judicial functions for a governmental entity such as a state, region, province, county, prefecture, regency, or similar governmental unit. The United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. ( August 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. Members of the public will continue to be required to wear face coverings while in DC Government buildings.The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with North America and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. All DC Government employees are required to provide their vaccination status and attest to being “Fully Vaccinated” before following the guidance for fully vaccinated employees. On public transportation where the wearing of a mask is required.Įmployees who are not fully vaccinated must continue to wear a face covering while in DC Government buildings, inside any other building, and outside and likely to be within six feet of other people.
*using the Aufses, Jago, and Scanlon text Peter Elbow’s “Tips on Getting Feedback from Friends or Fellow Students” Last chance to work with Writing Groups before Due Date. MindMap/SketchNote Poster (theme, thesis, evidence, analysis, connection to human nature) – Due in class and posted in room by 11:37am. Prepared Essay (uploaded to Turnitin by 11:37am) – You select your prompt. Timed Essay (In-Class) – You select your prompt. Independent Reading Assessment Due Date Consider a little “me-time” through creative writing: I hope you use this poetry project to open yourself to some thoughtful reflection and introspection. Rest and Recuperate: You need to take care of yourself too! Spend time with friends and family and really appreciate these days together. Last chance to work with Writing Groups before Winter Break. Homework: Continue work on your “ after So-and-So” poems. “Black Lace Bra Kind of Woman” (1994) by Sandra Cisnerosįlexible seating: Solo Work, Pairs, Reading Group with Teacher. “Theme for English B” (1949) by Langston Hughes “Autobiography of Eve” (2015) by Ansel Elkin “Invictus” (1875) by William Earnest Henley Homework: Select one of these poems as a mentor (Feeling ambitious? Use both!) and spend an honest 15 minutes of creation (in Writer’s Notebook). “The Self-Unseeing” (1901) by Thomas Hardy “My Father’s Gift” (2004) by Edwina Trentham Homework: an honest 15 minutes of creation (in Writer’s Notebook). “Meditation on a Hoofbeat” (2015) by Kristin Williams "Meditation on a Grapefruit” (2009) by Craig Arnold Project Overview Final Project ( The Identity Poster – see student samples on website) Identity Poster (Analysis and Creation through Modeling) randomly selected passage analysis essay using new rubric Short Fiction II: Unit 4 Summative Assessment -please open and read the file named "sfii-u4summativeassessment.pdf" under the Materials and Resources section to the right. Prepare for Writing Wednesday (Thursday) Thanksgiving Day! Enjoy your family time! HW: Read and annotate “The Spectator” by Joseph Addison and compose a thesis statement as if you were going to write a literary analysis essay. compose a brief analysis of tone in Lit by Mary Karr (see aligned prompt in packet). Lit by Mary Karr Excerpt-Read and Annotate In your Readers Notebook Tone-PPT Notes (Readers’ Notebook) and Packet Come to class first for attendance and to submit Frankenstein Dialectical Journals, Prose Packets, and Readers’ Notebooks for a Formative Assessment Grade. HW: Read and annotate “Johnny Got His Gun” and compose a thesis statement as if you were going to write a literary analysis essay. compose a brief analysis of syntax used in The Sun Also Rises by Earnest Hemingway (see aligned prompt in the packet). The Sun Also Rises by Earnest Hemingway Excerpt-Read and Annotate In your Readers’ Notebook Syntax-PPT Notes (Readers’ Notebook) and Packet HW: Read and annotate “Middlemarch” and compose a thesis statement as if you were going to write a literary analysis essay. compose a brief analysis of point of view in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon (see aligned prompt in packet). The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon Excerpt-Read and Annotate In your Readers’ Notebook Point of View-PPT Notes (Readers’ Notebook) and Packet HW: Read and annotate “Zenobia” and compose a thesis statement as if you were going to write a literary analysis essay. compose a brief analysis of the use of diction in Room by Emma Donoghue (see aligned prompt in packet). Room Excerpt-Read and Annotate In your Reader’s Notebook Diction-PPT Notes (Readers’ Notebook) and Packet HW: Read and annotate “Videotape” by Don Delillo, Exploring the Text Ques: 1, 2, and 3 in Reading Notebook AND MC Justifications In addition, you can also take silver jewelry Celtic knot spacer beads.īy the way, you can also use cords for green leaf beads in order to create different Saint Patrick’s Day beads wreaths. More than that, don’t forget to use 4 leaf honey clover beads silver shamrock buttons and trefoil shaped beads, such as turquoise quatrefoil beads mother of pearl quatrefoil beads. For example, Irish shamrock rosary beads oval, weave, Mardi Gras, green, Swarovski, red, Pandora shamrock beads and many other St. In addition, you can decorate the bracelet with shamrock charms for bracelets, such as Pandora shamrock charms white gold shamrock charm shamrock wine charms Swarovski shamrock charms silver shamrock charms and different shamrock beads glass. 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Nevertheless, in order to make your necklace design even more festive, you are free to add shamrock necklace charms – solid white gold shamrock charms shamrock silver charms and Czech glass shamrock beads, such as red shamrock Czech beads shamrock rosary, door, Mardi Gras beads. You can elaborate the style with gold glass beads: gold round, pony, leaf, star, flower, heart, oval, coin, blue coated, fish, rondelles, metal seed, bow, pine cone beads. In result, you can have various rainbow colored bead necklaces: rainbow sapphire, Mardi Gras, amber beads necklaces rainbow moonstone beaded necklace. Patrick’s Day green bead necklaces, you can use rainbow bugle, throw, blue quartz crystal, fluorite, haematite, jade, sapphire, colored donut, fluorite faceted, faith beads. In this case, we propose you to create various green glass bead jewelry designs, such as green glass bead necklaces. 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